State Machine
A state machine is a model of a system as a set of defined states and permitted transitions caused by events or…
Crypto & Blockchain Fundamentals
Core concepts behind cryptocurrency, blockchain and distributed systems.
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Terms (367)
State Proof
A state proof is cryptographic evidence that a particular account, balance, storage value, or other state item is included in or excluded…
State Scalability
State scalability is a blockchain’s ability to manage growth in accounts, balances, contract storage, and other persistent data without making validation, synchronization,…
State Transition
A state transition is the rule-governed change from one valid system state to another after processing a transaction, block, event, or command.…
State Verification
State verification is the process of confirming that a claimed blockchain state or state value follows from valid protocol history and matches…
Sustained Throughput
Sustained throughput is the amount of valid, useful transaction work a blockchain can complete continuously over an extended period under realistic conditions.…
Taproot
Taproot is a Bitcoin upgrade that introduced SegWit version 1 outputs using Schnorr signatures and a structure that can commit to multiple…
Taproot Address
A Taproot address is a Bitcoin address for a SegWit version 1 output, commonly beginning with `bc1p` on mainnet and encoded with…
Temporary Account
A temporary account is an account created for a limited task, time period, or transaction workflow and intended to be closed, emptied,…
Threshold Account
A threshold account is an account that requires authorization from a minimum number or weight of approved participants before an action is…
Threshold Signature
A threshold signature is a digital signature created jointly by at least a required number of participants who each hold a share…
Threshold-Signed Transaction
A threshold-signed transaction is authorized only after a required number of participants collectively produce a valid signature under a threshold cryptography scheme.…
Throughput
Throughput is the rate at which a blockchain system processes transactions or other units of useful work over time. It is often…
Token Transfer
A token transfer moves a balance or ownership record managed by a token contract or blockchain program rather than directly moving the…
Transaction
A transaction is a signed or protocol-authorized instruction that requests a blockchain state change. It may transfer assets, call a smart contract,…
Transaction Approval
Transaction approval is the process of authorizing a proposed blockchain transaction before it is signed, broadcast, or executed. Approval can come from…
Transaction Body
A transaction body is the main collection of transaction fields that describe the intended action, separate from an outer envelope, signatures, or…
Transaction Bundle
A transaction bundle is an ordered group of transactions submitted or evaluated together under defined inclusion conditions. Bundles are used for atomic…
Transaction Compression
Transaction compression is the reduction of transaction data size or repeated information so more user activity can fit within limited blockchain bandwidth…
Transaction Cost
Transaction cost is the total expense required to create, submit, process, and settle a blockchain transaction. It can include the network fee,…
Transaction Count
Transaction count is the number of transactions observed, submitted, included, executed, or finalized within a defined network, account, block, or time period.…
Transaction Counter
A transaction counter is a monotonically changing value used to order, identify, limit, or prevent replay of transactions associated with an account…
Transaction Data
Transaction data is the structured information contained in or associated with a blockchain transaction. It can include sender or inputs, recipient or…
Transaction Envelope
A transaction envelope is an outer protocol structure that identifies a transaction format and contains or frames the fields needed for decoding,…