UTXO Snapshot
A UTXO snapshot is a serialized copy or commitment of the unspent transaction output set at a specific block. It lets a…
Crypto & Blockchain Fundamentals
Core concepts behind cryptocurrency, blockchain and distributed systems.
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Validation
Validation is the process of checking data, transactions, blocks, or state transitions against required rules before accepting or acting on them. Blockchain…
Value Transfer
Value transfer is the movement of economic control, claim, or recorded balance from one party or account to another. On blockchains, it…
Virtual Byte (vByte)
A virtual byte is Bitcoin’s fee-accounting unit derived from transaction weight after Segregated Witness. Virtual size equals transaction weight divided by four…
Wrong Address Payment
A wrong address payment is a blockchain transfer sent to a destination other than the intended recipient or payment address. The address…
Zero-Confirmation Payment
A zero-confirmation payment is a blockchain payment accepted before its transaction is included in a block. The merchant relies on mempool observation,…
Zero-Confirmation Transaction
A zero-confirmation transaction is a transaction that has been broadcast and may be visible in nodes’ mempools but has not yet been…