Transaction Signature
A transaction signature is cryptographic evidence that an authorized key or account policy approved defined transaction data. Nodes verify it before accepting…
Crypto & Blockchain Fundamentals
Core concepts behind cryptocurrency, blockchain and distributed systems.
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Terms (367)
Transaction Signer
A transaction signer is a person, device, software component, or cryptographic service that produces the signature or authorization needed for a blockchain…
Transaction Size
Transaction size is the amount of encoded data a transaction occupies, usually measured in bytes. It affects network bandwidth, block capacity, storage,…
Transaction State
Transaction state is the current lifecycle condition of a blockchain transaction, such as prepared, signed, submitted, pending, included, confirmed, finalized, failed, dropped,…
Transaction Trace
A transaction trace is a detailed reconstruction of the internal execution steps produced when a blockchain transaction runs, including nested contract calls,…
Transaction Trie
A transaction trie is an authenticated tree structure that commits to the ordered transactions contained in a blockchain block. The block header…
Transaction Type
A transaction type is a protocol-defined category that determines how a transaction is decoded, validated, priced, signed, or executed. Examples can distinguish…
Transaction Verification
Transaction verification is the process of checking that a blockchain transaction is authentic, correctly formed, valid under protocol rules, successfully executed when…
Transaction Weight
Transaction weight is a protocol-defined measure of a transaction’s block-capacity cost. In Bitcoin SegWit, it combines base data and witness data with…
Transaction-Based Matching
Transaction-based matching is the process of linking a specific blockchain transaction to an invoice, deposit, order, customer, or accounting record using transaction…
Transaction-Fee Model
A transaction-fee model is the set of protocol and market rules that determine how users pay for blockchain resources and how those…
Transactions Per Second (TPS)
Transactions per second is a throughput measure describing how many transactions a blockchain or payment system processes over a defined interval. TPS…
Transparent Address
A transparent address is a blockchain address whose associated transaction details are visible on the public ledger rather than protected by privacy-preserving…
Uncle Block
An uncle block, more precisely called an ommer in historical Ethereum proof-of-work terminology, is a valid competing block that was not included…
Unsigned Transaction
An unsigned transaction is a constructed transaction that lacks one or more cryptographic authorizations required for submission or execution. It can be…
Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO)
An Unspent Transaction Output, or UTXO, is a discrete amount of cryptocurrency created by a transaction and not yet consumed by a…
UTXO Age Distribution
UTXO age distribution describes how long the currently unspent outputs in a UTXO-based blockchain have remained unspent. Analysts group UTXOs by the…
UTXO Bloat
UTXO bloat is the excessive growth of a blockchain’s active set of unspent transaction outputs. It occurs when users create many small…
UTXO Consolidation
UTXO consolidation is the process of combining multiple unspent transaction outputs into fewer, larger outputs. A wallet creates a transaction that spends…
UTXO Dust
UTXO dust is an unspent transaction output whose value is so small that spending it may cost nearly as much as, or…
UTXO Fragmentation
UTXO fragmentation is the condition in which a wallet’s total value is divided across many small unspent outputs instead of a manageable…
UTXO Management
UTXO management is the set of wallet and treasury practices used to select, label, consolidate, preserve, and spend unspent transaction outputs. It…
UTXO Model
The UTXO model is a blockchain accounting design in which transactions consume existing unspent outputs and create new outputs instead of directly…
UTXO Set
The UTXO set is the complete collection of unspent transaction outputs recognized by a UTXO-based blockchain at a particular block. It represents…