Transaction Propagation
Transaction propagation is the peer-to-peer spread of a submitted transaction from its entry node toward validators, miners, sequencers, and other peers. Peers…
Blockchain Networks & Protocols
Networks, consensus systems, protocols and blockchain infrastructure.
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Terms (543)
Transaction Relay
Transaction relay is the node behavior and policy for accepting, forwarding, replacing, and discarding unconfirmed transactions across a network. Policy is not…
Transaction Validation
Transaction validation is the deterministic checking of signatures, authorization, format, state prerequisites, and protocol rules before accepting or executing a transaction. Nodes…
Transaction Validation Unit (TVU)
Solana's Transaction Validation Unit is the validator pipeline that receives ledger shreds, reconstructs blocks, replays entries, and participates in voting. Successful replay…
Transaction Version
A transaction version identifies the serialization and interpretation rules a blockchain uses for a transaction's fields, signatures, addresses, and execution features. Nodes…
TRON Address
A TRON address is a network identifier derived from a public key or contract account and commonly displayed using Base58Check encoding. Externally…
TRON Network
TRON is a delegated proof-of-stake blockchain supporting smart contracts, TRX, protocol-native tokens, and TVM-based token and application standards. TRON's resource model uses…
Trust-Minimized Bridge
A trust-minimized bridge verifies cross-chain events with protocol-enforced proofs or economically secured consensus while reducing reliance on a small custodian group. Trust…
Unconfirmed Transaction
An unconfirmed transaction is a blockchain transaction that has been submitted or observed but has not yet reached the receiving system’s required…
Validator
A validator is a consensus participant that checks proposed blocks or transactions and may attest, vote, or produce blocks under protocol rules.…
Validator Bribery
Validator bribery is an attack that pays or rewards validators for censoring, reordering, equivocating, or approving behavior that benefits the briber. The…
Validator Churn Limit
A validator churn limit caps how many validators or how much stake may enter or exit active consensus during a defined period.…
Validator Client
A validator client is software that performs consensus duties, manages validator keys or signers, and communicates attestations, votes, or proposals to the…
Validator Commission
Validator commission is the percentage or rule determining how much staking reward an operator keeps before distributing the remainder to delegators. Commission…
Validator Committee
A validator committee is a selected subset of validators assigned to attest, verify, or finalize specific blocks, shards, slots, or protocol tasks.…
Validator Fee
A validator fee is compensation charged or earned for validation services, potentially including commissions, transaction fees, priority payments, or protocol-defined charges. These…
Validator Governance
Validator governance gives validators formal or practical influence over protocol proposals, parameter changes, upgrades, membership, or emergency decisions. Governance influence is distinct…
Validator Lifecycle
The validator lifecycle is the sequence from registration and activation through active duties, exit, penalties, withdrawal, and eventual removal from protocol records.…
Validator Node
A validator node is the computing system that runs blockchain software, verifies state, communicates with peers, and performs duties for a validator…
Validator Queue
A validator queue is the ordered backlog of validators waiting for activation, exit, withdrawal, reassignment, or another rate-limited protocol transition. Queue order…
Validator Reward
A validator reward is protocol compensation for correctly proposing blocks, voting, attesting, maintaining availability, or completing other assigned consensus duties. Actual earnings…
Validator Reward Rate
A validator reward rate expresses validator earnings relative to stake over a defined period, using stated assumptions about compounding, fees, and performance.…
Validator Rotation
Validator rotation periodically changes which validators serve a committee, proposer role, shard, or active set to distribute responsibility and reduce capture. Unpredictable,…
Validator Selection
Validator selection is the protocol process that chooses eligible validators for block production, voting, committees, or other consensus duties. The design influences…