Insights on Crypto Payments, Infrastructure, and Operations

Blockchain Networks & Protocols

Networks, consensus systems, protocols and blockchain infrastructure.

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Terms (543)

Validator Set

A validator set is the recognized group of validators whose votes or signatures count toward consensus during a particular block, epoch, or…

Validator Vote

A validator vote is a signed consensus message expressing support for a block, checkpoint, fork, or protocol decision under defined voting rules.…

Validator Withdrawal

A validator withdrawal is a protocol-authorized transfer of staking rewards or principal from a proof-of-stake validator balance to its configured withdrawal destination.…

Validity Rollup

A validity rollup executes transactions outside a settlement chain and submits cryptographic proofs that accepted state transitions follow the encoded rules. It…

Versioned Transaction

A versioned transaction carries an explicit format version so a blockchain can add features while preserving deterministic decoding of older transactions. On…

Vote Account

A vote account is a Solana on-chain account that records validator voting state, authorized voters, commission, credits, and reward history. Delegated stake…

Vote Transaction

A vote transaction carries a validator's signed consensus vote on-chain or through the network so fork choice, finality, and rewards can process…

XRP Address

An XRP Ledger address identifies an account using a checksummed base58 encoding, with optional X-address formatting to include a destination tag. An…

Zero Address

A zero address is a protocol-specific all-zero or reserved address commonly used as a null value, burn destination, or sentinel in smart…

Zero-Knowledge Rollup

A zero-knowledge rollup is a validity-rollup design that batches execution outside a settlement chain and submits cryptographic proofs of correct state transitions.…

ZK Bridge

A ZK bridge verifies cross-chain state or messages using succinct cryptographic proofs instead of relying solely on a fixed signer committee. Some…

ZK Light Client

A ZK light client verifies a succinct proof of another chain's consensus and state transitions instead of processing every header or validator…

ZK Rollup

ZK Rollup is the common industry shorthand for a zero-knowledge or validity-proof rollup that executes transactions away from a settlement chain and…

ZK Validity Proof

A ZK validity proof succinctly demonstrates that a computation or state transition satisfies specified constraints without revealing all private witness data. The…

zkSync Network

The ZKsync Network is an ecosystem of validity-proof rollups and validiums built with ZK Stack and connected through Ethereum-based settlement and interoperability.…