Conflicting Transaction
A conflicting transaction is one that cannot validly coexist with another transaction because both claim the same spendable input, sender nonce, state…
Blockchain Networks & Protocols
Networks, consensus systems, protocols and blockchain infrastructure.
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Terms (543)
Consensus
Consensus is the process by which distributed blockchain participants agree on one valid ordering and state despite faults, delays, or adversaries. Consensus…
Consensus Algorithm
A consensus algorithm is the concrete computational procedure nodes follow to select proposals, exchange votes, resolve conflicts, and decide ledger history. Algorithms…
Consensus Bug
A consensus bug is a software defect that can make nodes disagree on valid blocks, state transitions, votes, or finality. If only…
Consensus Capability
Consensus capability is a node or component's supported ability to propose, validate, vote, finalize, or verify decisions under a protocol. Capabilities depend…
Consensus Client
A consensus client runs a blockchain's agreement layer, managing peers, validator duties, fork choice, attestations, and finalized consensus state. The consensus client…
Consensus Committee
A consensus committee is a designated group of validators assigned to attest, vote, aggregate, or decide protocol state during a defined interval.…
Consensus Engine
A consensus engine is the software component coordinating block proposal, voting, fork choice, and finalization around an application's state transitions. Frameworks may…
Consensus Finality
Consensus finality is the point at which protocol rules provide sufficient assurance that an accepted block will not be reversed. Finality can…
Consensus ID
A consensus ID is an identifier that binds consensus messages, participants, rounds, networks, or instances to the correct agreement context. The exact…
Consensus Latency
Consensus latency is the time between proposing a transaction or block and reaching the protocol's required agreement or finality level. Latency changes…
Consensus Layer
The consensus layer coordinates validators and selects finalized blockchain history, while an execution layer applies transactions and computes application state. Ethereum after…
Consensus Mechanism
A consensus mechanism is the broader economic and governance design that determines who participates in agreement and how honest behavior is enforced.…
Consensus Participant
A consensus participant is an eligible node or actor that proposes, validates, votes, attests, mines, or otherwise contributes to agreement. Eligibility may…
Consensus Payload
A consensus payload is the protocol data proposed, voted on, or committed during agreement, such as a block, header, or execution result.…
Consensus Protocol
A consensus protocol is the complete message, state-machine, timing, and decision specification that distributed participants follow to reach agreement. The protocol is…
Consensus Round
A consensus round is one attempt within a block height or decision instance to propose data, collect votes, and reach quorum. Network…
Consensus Rules
Consensus rules are mandatory validation and agreement conditions every compatible node applies identically when accepting transactions, blocks, votes, and state transitions. They…
Consensus Safety
Consensus safety is the guarantee that honest participants do not finalize conflicting ledger decisions while the protocol's stated fault assumptions hold. Safety…
Consensus State
Consensus state is the protocol data a node maintains to track agreement progress, participants, votes, rounds, checkpoints, and finalized decisions. This state…
Consensus Threshold
A consensus threshold is the minimum number, weight, or proportion of valid participants required to approve a protocol decision. The threshold must…
Consensus View
A consensus view is a protocol-defined leadership or voting phase that changes when participants cannot decide under the current coordinator. When a…
Consensus-Critical Code
Consensus-critical code is any implementation logic whose differing result across nodes can change block validity, state, fork choice, or finality. Defects or…
Constantinople Fork
Constantinople was a 2019 Ethereum network upgrade that introduced efficiency improvements, new opcodes, and modified block rewards through coordinated consensus changes. The…