Gas Reserve
A gas reserve is a maintained balance or protected execution allowance kept available to ensure essential blockchain transactions can still be submitted.…
Blockchain Networks & Protocols
Networks, consensus systems, protocols and blockchain infrastructure.
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Terms (543)
Gas Schedule
A gas schedule assigns resource costs to virtual-machine operations, storage changes, data use, and other transaction behaviors under active protocol rules. Protocol…
Gas Sponsorship
Gas sponsorship lets an application, paymaster, relayer, or third party cover native transaction fees for a user under defined authorization rules. Sponsorship…
Gas Station
A gas station is infrastructure that supplies fee tokens, sponsored transactions, relay services, or current gas pricing to users and applications. These…
Gas Threshold
A gas threshold is an operational boundary that triggers fee top-ups, transaction submission, alerts, or rejection when gas balance or price crosses…
Gas Token
A gas token is the native or protocol-designated asset used to pay transaction-execution fees on a blockchain or account-abstraction system. The fee…
Genesis Block
The genesis block is the first block or initial ledger anchor from which a blockchain's history, state, and network identity begin. Every…
Graph Node
Graph Node is software that indexes blockchain data according to subgraph definitions and serves the resulting entities through GraphQL query APIs. The…
Hard Fork
A hard fork changes blockchain consensus rules in a way that older unupgraded nodes cannot fully validate as compatible with the new…
Holographic Consensus
Holographic consensus is a scalable decentralized-governance mechanism that uses prediction staking to elevate proposals likely to receive broad collective approval. The mechanism…
HotStuff Consensus
HotStuff is a leader-based Byzantine fault tolerant consensus family that uses quorum certificates and chained voting to achieve safe replicated-state agreement. In…
Hybrid Consensus
Hybrid consensus combines two or more agreement mechanisms, resources, or finality layers to balance security, performance, participation, and recovery properties. The components…
Indexing Node
An indexing node transforms raw blockchain blocks, transactions, events, and state into searchable datasets optimized for application queries and analytics. Unlike a…
Initial Block Download (IBD)
Initial Block Download is the first synchronization process in which a full node obtains and validates historical blockchain data before following the…
Instant Finality
Instant finality describes a blockchain design in which a valid block becomes final as part of the same consensus commitment that accepts…
Integrated Address
An integrated address is a Monero address format that embeds a short payment identifier with a recipient's public address for easier deposit…
Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC)
Inter-Blockchain Communication is a protocol for authenticated data exchange between separate blockchains using on-chain light clients, proofs, relayers, and application-defined packets. IBC…
Interchain Account
An interchain account is an account on one blockchain that another blockchain controls programmatically by sending authenticated cross-chain instructions. The host account…
Interchain Transaction
An interchain transaction is a coordinated operation whose intent, data, or assets cross between independent blockchains through an interoperability protocol. It is…
Key Sharding
Key sharding divides control of a cryptographic key into separate fragments or operations so no single participant holds complete signing authority. The…
Kyber Network (KNC)
Kyber Network is an on-chain liquidity and token-trading ecosystem whose KNC token supports governance, incentives, and protocol-related participation. KNC is the ecosystem's…
KZG Proof
A KZG proof is a compact witness showing that a committed polynomial has a particular value at a specified evaluation point. The…
Last Valid Block Height
Last valid block height is the final chain height through which a transaction's referenced validity context remains acceptable for processing. The value…
Layer 1
A Layer 1 is a blockchain's base consensus and execution network, responsible for canonical state, native settlement, and protocol-level security. The base…