Glossary Terms Starting with R

Raft Consensus

Raft is a crash-fault-tolerant consensus algorithm where an elected leader replicates an ordered log to a majority of servers. If the leader…

Rainbow Bridge

Rainbow Bridge is a NEAR-Ethereum bridge design that uses on-chain light-client verification and relayers to transfer messages and supported assets. The architecture…

Random Beacon

A random beacon periodically produces publicly verifiable shared randomness for committee selection, leader election, sampling, or other distributed decisions. Public verification lets…

Random Oracle Model

The Random Oracle Model analyzes cryptographic schemes by treating a public hash oracle as returning independent random outputs for new inputs. Real…

Randomized Proof of Stake

Randomized Proof of Stake uses protocol-generated randomness to select stake-weighted proposers, committees, or voting duties for consensus rounds. The randomness source must…

Randomness Oracle

A randomness oracle supplies smart contracts with random values using a verifiable proof, threshold process, commit-reveal scheme, or trusted service. Security properties…

Rate Limit

A Rate Limit is a policy that restricts how many requests, operations, or resource units a client may consume within a defined…

Rate Limiting

Rate Limiting is the enforcement process that controls how many requests a client, credential, tenant, IP address, or operation may make during…

Rate Risk

Rate risk is exposure to loss when an interest, exchange, fee, discount, or other economically relevant rate changes unexpectedly. Decision-makers use Rate…

Raw Blockchain Data

Raw blockchain data is protocol-level information obtained before business labeling or analytical interpretation, such as serialized blocks, transaction bytes, receipts, logs, traces,…

Raw Transaction

A raw transaction is a transaction represented in its protocol-native serialized form before or after signatures are added. It is commonly displayed…

Re-identification Risk

Re-identification risk is the possibility that data intended to be anonymous, aggregated, or pseudonymous can be linked back to an identifiable person…

Read-Only Contract Call

A Read-Only Contract Call executes a smart contract function against blockchain state without creating a transaction or changing consensus state. On Ethereum-compatible…

Read-Only Node

A read-only node is a blockchain node configured or deployed mainly to query, index, verify, and serve chain data without producing blocks,…

Real-Time Gross Settlement (RTGS)

Real-time gross settlement is a payment-system model that settles interbank funds transfers individually and continuously rather than netting them for later settlement.…

Real-Time Payment

A real-time payment is an electronic payment processed so the recipient receives funds or usable confirmation within seconds, commonly with continuous or…

Real-Time Payment Processing

Real-Time Payment Processing is the validation, decisioning, execution, and status update of payments with sufficiently low latency to support immediate user and…

Real-Time Payment Reconciliation

Real-Time Payment Reconciliation is the continuous or near-continuous comparison of payment records across systems so matches and exceptions are identified shortly after…

Real-World Asset Token (RWA Token)

A real-world asset token is a blockchain-based token linked to an asset, claim, or cash flow that exists outside the blockchain, such…

Rebasing Token

A rebasing token is a fungible token whose displayed supply or account balances expand or contract according to a protocol-defined rebase mechanism.…

Rebasing-Token Payment

Rebasing-Token Payment is a payment made with a token whose balances or unit representation may change automatically under a rebasing mechanism. In…

Rebroadcast

Rebroadcast is the repeated submission of the same signed transaction to network peers when it is no longer visible, was not widely…

Receipt

A receipt is a record showing that a transaction, payment, or system action was processed and describing its result. In blockchain applications,…

Receipt Query

A Receipt Query requests the execution receipt for a submitted blockchain transaction, usually by transaction hash. The receipt can provide block inclusion,…