Fraud Ring
A fraud ring is a coordinated group of people, accounts, devices, merchants, or organizations that work together to commit repeated fraud or…
Security, Risk & Compliance
Security controls, fraud, operational risk and regulatory compliance.
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Terms (673)
Fraud Risk
Fraud risk is the probability and potential impact of intentional deception causing financial, operational, legal, customer, or reputational harm. Fraud Risk must…
Fraud Score
A fraud score is a numerical or categorical estimate of how strongly available evidence indicates that an activity may be fraudulent. Fraud…
Friendly Fraud
Friendly fraud occurs when a legitimate customer disputes or reverses a valid transaction, intentionally or mistakenly, after receiving the expected benefit. Friendly…
Fulfillment Risk
Fulfillment risk is the possibility that goods, services, access, or benefits are delivered incorrectly, late, incompletely, or before payment is sufficiently settled.…
Funding Risk
Funding risk is the possibility that an organization cannot obtain or retain sufficient financing or liquid resources when obligations become due. Funding…
Geo-IP Risk
Geo-IP risk is the possibility that an IP-derived location signal is inaccurate, manipulated, privacy-sensitive, or inconsistent with a user, merchant, device, or…
Geographic Risk
Geographic risk is exposure arising from where customers, counterparties, assets, operations, infrastructure, or transactions are located or connected. Decision-makers use Geographic Risk…
Governance Attack
A governance attack manipulates voting, delegation, proposals, administrators, or decision processes to gain unauthorized or harmful control over a system. For Governance…
Governance Risk
Governance risk is the possibility that flawed authority, incentives, oversight, voting, or decision processes produce harmful or unaccountable outcomes. Governance Risk must…
Governance Security
Governance Security is a security mechanism or control discipline that protects decision-making, voting, delegation, upgrades, treasury authority, and emergency powers from capture,…
Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC)
Governance, risk and compliance is an integrated approach for directing an organization, managing uncertainty, and meeting legal, regulatory, contractual, and internal obligations.…
Grinding Attack
Grinding Attack is an attack or weakness pattern that repeatedly varies permitted inputs to bias a supposedly random selection, consensus outcome, committee…
Hardware Security Key
A hardware security key is a physical authenticator that stores or uses cryptographic credentials to prove possession during login, transaction approval, or…
Hardware Token
A hardware token is a physical security device used to generate, store, or prove authentication credentials, one-time codes, cryptographic keys, or transaction…
Herstatt Risk
Herstatt risk is foreign-exchange settlement exposure where one party pays its currency but the counterparty fails before delivering the other currency. Herstatt…
High-Risk Address
A high-risk address is a blockchain address associated with indicators suggesting elevated sanctions, fraud, theft, laundering, or illicit-finance exposure. A score for…
High-Risk Customer
High-Risk Customer is a measurable uncertainty or exposure that presents elevated exposure based on identity, ownership, geography, products, behavior, transactions, or other…
High-Risk Jurisdiction
A high-risk jurisdiction is a country or territory assessed as presenting elevated financial-crime, sanctions, corruption, conflict, regulatory, or operational exposure. High-Risk Jurisdiction…
High-Risk Merchant
High-Risk Merchant is a measurable uncertainty or exposure that operates in circumstances associated with elevated fraud, disputes, regulatory, sanctions, fulfillment, reputation, or…
High-Risk Transaction
High-Risk Transaction is a measurable uncertainty or exposure that has characteristics indicating elevated fraud, sanctions, laundering, security, settlement, or operational exposure requiring…
HMAC Signature
An HMAC signature is a shared-secret authentication tag calculated over defined message bytes using HMAC and an agreed cryptographic hash function. An…
Homomorphic Encryption
Homomorphic encryption is a cryptographic technique that allows selected computations to be performed on encrypted data without first exposing the underlying plaintext…
Hot Wallet Compromise
A hot wallet compromise occurs when an attacker gains unauthorized control over an internet-connected wallet, its signing keys, approval workflow, or supporting…